Repinique >> Samba Reggae & Afro Samba
SambapediaPlaying
Function / distribution in the group
The formations in Samba Reggae and Blocos Afro have a strong surdola line-up. Usually half of the musicians are surdo players. The other percussionists are divided between repinique, caixa, sometimes ganzas and rarely tamborins. The standard line-up for a 10-piece group in Bahia is 5 surdos, 2 caixas and 3 repiniques.
The repiniques provide the basic pattern, have a solo task or are in a question-and-answer dialogue with the bateria. The repinique structures the musical flow with pauses and calls.
Techniques
In samba reggae, the repinique is played with two elastic sticks. These sticks are traditionally made from the branches of the goiaba tree. Nowadays, however, plastic is the standard material for these repinique sticks. The aim is to hit the head flat rather than with the tip of the sticks, resulting in the typical high, accented sound. In the more samba-oriented groups, such as Ilê Aiyê, there are two different techniques for playing the repinique: One with a wooden stick in the right hand, as in Rio Samba, and the other with the left hand only. Two different sounds can be produced with the stick: striking the head with the stick produces a full, open sound. Striking the head and the tension ring at the same time produces a sharp, penetrating sound, a 'rimshot'. The left hand is usually used to play an open tone, with a slap for accents. And as an additional option, the more samba-oriented groups also use the technique used in samba-reggae, with two elastic sticks.
The two most common styles of repenique playing in Bahia are directly derived from the technique used to play the atabaques. This is the name given to the drums in Candomblê, the Afro-Brazilian religion in Bahia. The atabaques are played in sets of three: The small Lê, the slightly larger Rumpi and the large Rum. The accompanying drums, lê and rumpi, are played with two elastic wooden sticks. They deliver dense rhythmic patterns in rapid succession, over which the rum, played with the stick in the right hand and the left hand without the stick, lays complex patterns and improvisations. The analogy is obvious.
The repiniques are hung low between the legs with a simple waist belt for the two-stick technique. This results in a relaxed playing position and the typical sharp sounds are easier to achieve with the elastic stick made of guava wood or plastic. For the one-stick technique, the repinique is worn with a shoulder strap, just below the hips.
The leader leads the group with characteristic finger symbols or plays repinique. Pieces are structured with typical calls and pauses. During stage performances, the repinique is often placed on a stand. In Olodum, the most famous sambareggae group, the leader plays two timbales instead of a repinique during stage performances. The timbales set, similar in sound to a repinique, offers additional possibilities as a solo instrument with its two drums tuned at different heights.
Patterns
Bahia Offbeat 1
Bahia Offbeat 2
Tips and tricks
Tuning
In Bahia a high tuning of the repiniques has become established. The resulting sharp sound with few overtones contrasts sharply with the caixas and, of course, the surdos.
It is best to tune the drum 'crosswise'. This means that you start tuning on one rod and then move to the opposite rod to loosen or tighten the nut. Then place the key on the next rod and move to the opposite rod, and so on, until you have reached the desired pitch. If you place a hand in the middle of the head and strike it with a stick close to the tension rod, you will hear the sound the head makes at that point. This allows you to check the pitch at each rod. The aim is to have the same tone on each rod.
Repiniques - Sizes, voices and labelling
Quelle: Ivsom, Rio de Janeiro
- Repinique 8" = Bacurinha
- Repinique 10" = Repinique or Repique (diameter 10", bowl approx. 30cm)
- Repinique 12" = Repinique or Repique (diameter 12", bowl approx. 30cm)
- Repique 12" = Charuto (diameter 12", bowl approx. 50cm)
- Repique Charutinho (diameter 12", bowl approx. 36 cm)
- Repinique 14" = Repique Mor (diameter 14", bowl approx. 50cm)
- Repinique 16" = Repique Mor (diameter 16", bowl approx. 50cm)
Head maintenance
To play, tighten the heads to the desired tension. Relaxing the heads after playing will prolong their life.
Maintenance of tension rods
The Repinique is easier to tune if you lightly oil the threads of the tension rods from time to time. Carefully remove any excess oil to avoid staining your clothes.
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