Shekeré-Xequeré-Agbê
SambapediaPlaying
Function
The shekeré, like all shaking instruments, has the task of connecting the different voices of the group, it is the glue that holds everything together. In Pernambuco, in the north-east of Brazil, there is a variant of Candomblé in which only xequerés are played to accompany the singing, and no drums at all.
Technique
There are several techniques for playing the shekeré. The most common is the Cuban style. The shekeré is held with the weak hand at the thinnest part of the neck, loosely between the thumb and forefinger. The ring, middle and little fingers rest lightly on the neck or body of the gourd. The strong hand rests loosely on the underside of the calabash. The shekere is then moved rhythmically back and forth. The ball of the hand strikes the bottom of the gourd to produce a bass tone.
A different technique is used in the north-east of Brazil:
The weak hand holds the gourd by the neck and moves the shékere up and down. The strong hand strikes the bottom of the gourd. This adds momentum to the upward movement and creates a complementary pattern.
There is another way of playing in West Africa.
Small shekerés, called axatse, are moved up and down by a seated percussionist between the thigh and outstretched hand at chest height. The rhythmic pattern is created when the shekeré makes contact with the hand and thigh.
General information
The shekeré is called xequeré in Brazil and chékere in Cuba. The shekeré is a gourd with a hard shell that has been cleaned of all the seeds inside and covered with a net of interwoven seeds, plastic beads or small shells.
A modern version of the shekeré has a body made of fibreglass. These are less delicate than the calabashes, but also much heavier than the natural models. By moving the gourd back and forth, the net and its beads strike the gourd.
In Brazil, de Shekeré was almost forgotten. Now it is experiencing a renaissance and is at home in many musical styles. Whether in the samba schools of Rio, the maracatu groups of Olinda and Recife or the numerous afoxé groups in Salvador, the shekeré is back!
Tips and tricks
Maintenance
The gourd wrapped in the pearl net must be handled with care. It is worth buying a bag or hard case to transport the shekeré.
Tuning
On most shékeres, a cord is pulled through the weave of the net at the top and bottom. This cord can be used to change the fit of the net on the gourd. If the cord is pulled tighter, the net will sit closer to the gourd and the sound will be quieter. If you loosen the string and allow the net to move more freely, the sound will become louder.
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